The Federal Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) are working on fresh initiatives to rescue the naira, according to hints on Friday.
The Finance Minister and Coordinating Minister for the Economy, Mr. Wale Edun, yesterday met with CBN Governor Olayemi Cardoso and Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Chairman Ola Olukoyede to strategise on stabilising the beleaguered currency.
This occurred on a day the naira sustained its rally against the dollar, closing at N1,440 at the parallel market. The rate represents a N10 gain from the N1,450 to dollar recorded on Thursday.
But apparently not satisfied with the exchange rate, the trio launched into a meeting in Abuja yesterday to discuss ways of shoring up the naira.
Details of the meeting were not immediately available, but the Federal Ministry of Finance in a terse statement on its X handle said: “This afternoon at Finance HQ, HM Finance & Coordinating Minister for the Economy, Wale Edun, EFCC Chairman Ola Olukoyede @officialEFCC and CBN Governor Olayemi Cardoso @cenbank, engaged in a strategic discussion focused on enhancing the efficiency of our financial system and stabilising the Naira.
“The meeting highlighted our continuous efforts in aligning monetary and fiscal policies, underscored by a commitment to the rule of law.
“The EFCC Chairman reaffirmed the Commission’s support for these initiatives, emphasising his dedication to enhancing the integrity of financial regulations.”
This meeting comes amidst efforts to bridge the gap between the official and black market exchange rates, including this week’s EFCC raids on unauthorised foreign exchange operators.
Edun reiterated the government’s “commitment to the rule of law” as a cornerstone of achieving these objectives.
Speaking in a similar tone, Olukoyede, the EFCC Chairman, “pledged the Commission’s unwavering support” for these initiatives. He stressed the organisation’s dedication to enforcing financial regulations with integrity and combating illegal activities threatening the financial system.
Governor Cardoso, leading the apex bank, expressed the CBN’s commitment to collaborate with the Ministry of Finance and the EFCC. He emphasised the importance of “coordinated efforts” in achieving their shared goals of economic stability and financial system efficiency.
An official of the Ministry of Finance told The Nation that “these meetings hold regularly where they try to coordinate fiscal and monetary policies to make sure there’s a strong coordinated handshake and they’re operating in sync whilst maintaining their independence.”
The source said that while the CBN retains its grip on financial sector regulation, control of transmission mechanisms, and tools for setting the exchange rate, the macroeconomic strategy is driven by the minister.”
“The minister takes his coordinating role very seriously. He’s there to provide thoughts, leadership, mentorship support, intellectual support, and all of that.”
On further efforts to stabilise the Naira, the official said: “The CBN is putting things out and setting the market right. It’s all about macroeconomic stability, enhancing liquidity, deepening the capital market, and making sure there’s access to capital for inclusive development.
“While challenges remain, the collaborative approach and commitment to the rule of law demonstrated by these leaders will pave the way for potential progress in strengthening the naira and fostering a more robust financial system for the nation.
With the naira now trading at N1,461.9/$ at the NAFEM window-official market, the spread between the official and parallel rates has converged, signaling rate unification.
Hassan Abdul, a BDC trader in Central Lagos, said the naira was traded for N1,400 to the dollar at about 1.00 p.m. but weakened to N1,440 to the dollar at the close of business after dealers asked for a higher premium to cover loss positions.
“The CBN policies in recent days have shaken up the market. We have seen a high-volume dollar offload by speculators. But for that to be sustained, the apex bank needs to support dollar injections into the official markets,” he said.
Banks are at the centre of forex market activities, with their action and inaction contributing significantly to market performance.
Observing that the banks were not living up to expectations, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) last Wednesday issued new directives to shore up the value of the naira.
The banks were accused of hoarding over $5 billion by holding back funds expected to be injected into the official forex market.
Following the 4.25 percent depreciation in the naira between January 29 and 31, the CBN has issued two complementary circulars to commercial banks and International Money Transfer Operators (IMTOs) to address price discovery and market distorting restrictions.
The first circular instructed banks to limit their net open position to 20 percent of shareholders’ funds unimpaired by losses using the gross aggregate method to hedge forex losses while softening forex demand. Meanwhile, the circular to IMTOs instructed deposit money banks to ensure that international transactions now occur at the prevailing market rate, thereby removing transaction pegs.
Previously, IMTOs were required to quote rates within an allowable limit of -2.5 percent to +2.5 percent around the previous day’s closing rate of the Nigerian foreign exchange market, according to the circular TED/FEM/PUB/FPC/001/009 dated September 13, last year.
All authorised dealers, international money transfer operators, and the general public are advised to take note of this development and ensure compliance with the revised regulations. The CBN’s decision reflects ongoing efforts to adapt and enhance the dynamics of the Nigerian foreign exchange market, the circular stated.
“The reason for the removal of the cap is to incentivise the IMTOs to transparently transfer their receipts into the country,” Aminu Gwadabe, president of the Association of Bureau De Change Operators of Nigeria (ABCON), disclosed.
The apex bank had also deployed examiners to Treasury Units of banks headquarters to ensure compliance with policy shifts.
The impact of the policy measures showed the naira rallying and correcting huge depreciation gaps across the official and parallel markets, leading to convergence in the forex market.
An economist and Managing Director of Financial Derivatives Company Limited, Bismarck Rewane, said the prevailing concern reverberating across the Nigerian economy is the downward spiral of the exchange rate.
According to him, a weakened naira will result in imported inflation and erode the purchasing power of consumers.
He explained that over the course of 10 days, the currency shed 10.78 percent of its value against the dollar before appreciating to N1,440/$ (parallel market) on February 2.
But through a sequence of circulars and a change in the methodology for computing FX rates, the CBN has reinstated its commitment to encouraging transparency with market-reflective rates, reducing forex demand pressures, lifting restrictions on international transactions, and improving dollar liquidity.
Rewane said that despite the gradual rebound of the naira, the markets still show signs of disequilibrium and unanchored exchange rate expectations.
“The solution to the naira’s FX throes begins at the first MPC meeting since July 2023, scheduled for February 26–27. We expect a hawkish CBN, likely raising effective interest rates by 200 basis points to narrow the negative real rates of return, instill confidence, and bring the FX markets to a correction,” he said.
The CBN removed the cap on the allowable limit of -2.5 percent to +2.5 percent around the previous day’s closing rate for the International Money Transfer Operators (IMTOs). This adjustment signifies a shift in the regulatory framework, providing IMTOs with more flexibility in determining exchange rates.
Apex bank overhauls Cash Reserve System
The apex bank has also effected a change in the last monetary policy decision—the Cash Reserve Requirement (CRR) system.
In a circular sent to all banks by the Acting Director of Banking Supervision, Dr. Adetona Adedeji said the new “Cash Reserve Requirement (CRR) mechanism is intended to facilitate your capacity for planning, monitoring, and aligning your records with the CBN.”
The move is designed to provide banks with more flexibility in managing their reserves while encouraging increased lending to businesses and individuals.
Previously, a fixed percentage of banks’ deposits, currently 32.5 percent for commercial banks, was automatically deducted daily by the CBN as CRR. This new system, however, adopts a phased approach with key changes.
In the first Phase which adopts an incremental approach, the existing CRR percentages (32.5 percent) will no longer be applied daily. Instead, they will be applied only to increases in banks’ weekly average adjusted deposits.
This means any new money received by banks, such as customer deposits, loan repayments, or other inflows, will have the designated CRR portion set aside as reserves. This approach offers banks greater flexibility in managing their overall liquidity and planning for future reserve needs.
The second phase, which promotes lending through Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) compliance, introduces a dynamic element based on banks’ adherence to the minimum Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR) currently set at 65 percent.
Banks that fail to meet the LDR target will face an additional 50 percent CRR on the “shortfall” in lending. This essentially increases their effective CRR, which in turn will affect their available funds for lending and encourage them to meet the LDR requirements.
The benefits and potential impacts of this new CRR system are that banks no longer face daily fluctuations in their reserves, allowing for better financial planning and stability. By encouraging banks to meet LDR targets, the CBN now aims to increase credit availability for businesses and individuals, potentially boosting economic activity.
However, it is too early to predict the exact impact on interest rates and loan availability, as market dynamics and individual bank strategies will now play a role.
The circular added that the CBN will provide details to banks on the applied CRR charges and their calculation rationale, ensuring transparency. The apex bank also noted that it will closely monitor the implementation of the new system and make adjustments as needed.
Exchange rate for cargo clearance raised to N1.356/$
The CBN also raised the exchange rate for cargo clearance from N952/$ to N1.356 per dollar.
The rate had been increased from N783/$ to N952/$ only last November and from N783/$ to N952/$ in December.